Mastaba, the Original Pyramids

A mastaba is a large rectangular structure that was used as a type of tomb, often for royalty, in Ancient Egypt. Mastabas were relatively low (especially when compared to pyramids), rectangular, flat-roofed, roughly bench shaped burial structures that were created and utilized for the pre-Dynastic pharaohs or nobility of Ancient Egypt. They had distinct sloping sides and were typically made of mud bricks or stones. The mastabas themselves served as visible monuments for the prominent Egyptian nobility that they housed, although the actual burial chambers for the mummified corpses were underground and were not visible to the public from the outside of the structure. Step Pyramid Technically, mastabas preceded the original pyramid. In fact, pyramids developed directly from mastabas, as the first pyramid was actually a type of step pyramid, which was constructed by stacking one mastaba directly on top of a slightly larger one. This process was repeated several times in order to create the initial pyramid. The original step pyramid was designed by Imhotepin the third millennium BC. The sloping sides of traditional pyramids were adopted directly from mastabas, although the flat roof typical of mastabas was replaced by a pointed roof in pyramids. The common flat-sided, pointed pyramid also developed directly from the mastabas. Such pyramids were created by modifying the step pyramid by filling in the uneven sides of the pyramids with stones and lime in order to create the flat, even outward appearance. This eliminated the stair-like appearance of step pyramids. Thus, the progression of pyramids went from the mastabas to the step pyramids to the bent pyramids (which was an in-between form of the step pyramid and the triangular shaped pyramids), and then finally the triangle shaped pyramids, like those seen at Giza. Usage Eventually, during the Old Kingdom in Egypt, Egyptian royalty such as kings stopped being buried in mastabas, and began being buried in more modern, and more aesthetically pleasing, pyramids. Egyptians of non-royal background continued to be buried in mastabas. From the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"Old Kingdom mastabas were used chiefly for non-royal burials. In nonroyal tombs, a chapel was provided that included a formal tablet or stela on which the deceased was shown seated at a table of offerings. The earliest examples are simple and architecturally undemanding; later a suitable room, the tomb-chapel, was provided for the stela (now incorporated in a false door) in the tomb superstructure. Storage chambers were stocked with food and equipment, and walls were often decorated with scenes showing the deceased’s expected daily activities. What had earlier been a niche on the side grew into a chapel with an offering table and a false door through which the spirit of the deceased could leave and enter the burial chamber.†

The Effects of Discrimination and Racism in Skin...

Color discrimination is defined as a human being of the same race are treated differently based on their skin pigmentation, complexion, or skin tone. Your skin is made to bear the blame for the guilt, time, history, and death. There are numerous pigmentocracies throughout the world, and variability the light-skinned people in which are determined to have the highest social status. These are then followed by the brown-skinned, who occupy intermediate positions, and finally by the black-skinned who are at the bottom of the social hierarchy. This discrimination is found all over the world, especially in the Caribbean and Latin America in which it is most evident: (Lynn, 26). â€Å"The Ancient Egyptians, in their painted sculptures and wall†¦show more content†¦He always has been and will be a dictator from adolesence to old age. Growing up Castro had the advantages of ordering around slaves. â€Å"He knew the ultimate joys of childhood—he could do precisely what he wanted† (Quirk, 3). He played with the uneducated black children and spends his time with them in their huts eating their â€Å"staple† food. â€Å"Because of his fathers influence, he explained, â€Å"everyone lavished attention on me, flattered and treated me differently from the other children† (Quirk, 4). â€Å"In 1937 an African American Congressman Arthur Mitchell was refused admission to one of the best hotels in Havana. Public schools were open to all, but many whites sent their children to private schools that were largely or exclusively white† (Lynn, 34). The Cuban government encouraged â€Å"Whitening† and immigration from Europe in order to whiten the population. Cuba’s educational system consisted primarily of dreary public schools and â€Å"extravagant† private academies that were designated as Whites only. This all came to an end when the young lawyer, Fidel Castro led a small crowd of revolutionaries that toppled the United States government in 1959. After sweeping into power as a nationalist, Castro soon announced the Marxist character of the revolution. Castro had also announced an end to discrimination on the

Self Reliance Rhetorical Analysis Free Essays

â€Å"Self-Reliance† is a series of loosely related thoughts and extracts from lectures and journals that Ralph Wald Emerson has written in the past. Through the use of the classical argument, imagery, and many other rhetorical devices, Emerson makes such a convincing case that a person from almost any background would find it difficult to disagree with him. Emerson wrote this essay is to teach a lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Reliance Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now He argues to the reader to trust themselves and to not conform to the standards of others. Emerson tells his audience, â€Å"Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the world. This means that you must first have approval and support of yourself, and then you will gain approval of the world. The purpose of this essay, pertaining to any audience, is to show that a person needs to find his own truth, and have confidence or â€Å"self-reliance† in themselves. The author adds pathos to his essay by evoking the personal prejudices and biases of the audience. Pathos stands out most in his essay, as it contains a lot of emotional conflicts that we all face at some point or other in our lives. â€Å"Self- Reliance† is sprinkled with memorable sayings known as aphorisms. These are brief statements that express a general principle or truth about life. â€Å"A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of the little minds† is a very popular aphorism Emerson uses in his essay. He adds logos, or reason, to his essay by giving examples of arguments that people face with themselves and others, and rationally explaining how we should deal with these struggles. Emerson adds ethos to his essay by referencing to well known people in history. He states that Luther, Socrates, Galileo, Newton, Pythagoras, Copernicus, and Jesus were all great minds that were misunderstood. By referencing to these people, he established credibility, as his audience is most likely familiar with the struggles and triumphs of a few or more of these people in history. Emerson uses a unique style of diction in this essay. He uses words such as â€Å"thyself†, â€Å"bestowed†, and â€Å"arduous†. To us his word choice seems to be very formal. We may even call it archaic, or out dated. But we must keep in mind that he was a 1 9th century writer, and this choice of words was probably ore common at the time he wrote this essay. Emerson uses a multitude of tropes in his essay. For example, he uses the metaphors â€Å"envy is ignorance† and â€Å"imitation is suicide† to explain what every man feels at some point in his life. As stated earlier, Emerson uses multiple aphorisms in this essay. His aphorisms proclaim his radical ideas in clear, concise sentences. His idea about consistency, for example, is distilled into one easy-to-remember aphorism, and is thereby amortized. In his essay, the author also says that, For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure. This is personification. What Emerson is trying to say is that there is common belief that if you are a nonconformist, meaning you do not follow generally accepted beliefs, then everyone in the world will think badly of you. Emerson does not believe this to be so. Emerson uses symbols and imagery of nature to support his claim of individuality. The â€Å"over soul† is one key element that Emerson illustrates in his essay , meaning that a person should look deep inside his heart and find his own truth. How to cite Self Reliance Rhetorical Analysis, Papers

Catastrophes that Plagued the Characters in Romeo Essay Example For Students

Catastrophes that Plagued the Characters in Romeo Essay and JulietCatastrophes that Plagued Characters in Romeo and JulietMany characters in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet invite the catastrophesthey experience. These characters are Mercutio, Romeo, and Friar Laurence. Mercutiobecause he never thinks before he acts. He has a very big mouth and will say anything tocreate a joke. Romeo because of this fight with Tybalt. If this fight never occurred thenthe outcome of the story could have been better for Romeo and Juliet. Maybe therefamilies could have set aside their differences for there children and live the rest of therelives in harmony. Friar Lawrence because I do not think he thought about the plan tounite Romeo and Juliet long enough. He should have gotten a reliable messenger toinform Romeo of the situation. Romeos friend Mercutio was a very witty energetic man. If he held his tongueand thought about what he said before acting on them he would not have gotten into somany fights. His jokes were probably taken lightly be his friends Romeo and Benvoliobecause they were accustomed to hearing Mercutios voice constantly. Mercutio shouldnot have tried to tease Tybalt because of the rivalry between Tybalts family and Romeosfamily. While avenging Mercutio, Romeo should have thought about the consequences ofslaying Tybalt. On one hand he filled the urge to kill the man who had killed his friend. On the other hand he killed his wifes cousin. How can one justify killing a member oftheir wifes family? Another consequence he should have taken into consideration was thepunishment he was going to receive from Price Escalus. In act one scene one PrinceEscalus already warned everyone in Verona that if anyone was caught fighting again thewould pay for it with there lives. If Romeo had not gotten into the duel with TybaltRomeo would not have been banished from Verona. When Prince Escalus exiled Romeo,that was the point in the play which was the biggest catastrophe. This is because onceRomeo was exiled he could not see Juliet ever again and Juliet could never see Romeoagain. Friar Lawrence would have never had to devise a plan to put Juliet into a coma andRomeo would not have needed to take his own life thinking Juliet was dead. Friar Laurences plan to put Juliet into a coma until Romeo rescued her was notsafe nor smart. The only person that knew of the truth was Friar Laurence. First of all heshould have thought about some alternatives rather than to deliberately put Juliet into adeep sleep. If the poison was too strong it could have killed Juliet instantly. Anotherproblem about Friar Laurences plan was getting the information about it to Romeo. Heshould have found a better way to deliver the letter in time. In conclusion the person that I believe invited the worst catastrophe was Romeo. This is because when Romeo killed Tybalt everything in his life crumbled. He was exiledand could never see Juliet ever again. Mercutio should have kept his mouth shut when aserious conversation like the grudge between the two families was being discussed. FriarLaurence should have provided a better alternative plan to Juliet instead of the poison. Category: Shakespeare

Literary Analysis of No Name Woman free essay sample

A short literary analysis of Maxine Kingstons classic No Name Woman As part of the first generation of Chinese-Americans, Maxine Hong Kingston writes about her struggle to distinguish her cultural identity through an impartial analysis of her aunts denied existence. In No Name Woman, a chapter in her written memoirs, Kingston analyzes the possible reasons behind her disavowed aunts dishonorable pregnancy and her villages subsequent raid upon her household. And with a bold statement that shatters the family restriction to acknowledge the exiled aunt, Kingston states that, she] alone devote pages of paper to her [aunt] With this premeditated declaration, Kingston rebelliously breaks the familys cultural taboo to mention the exiled aunt. Because a strict Chinese culture fails to be practical in American society, Kingston defiantly acknowledges the existence of her aunts life because she understands that her lost Chinese values as imposed by her family parallels her aunts capital crime to her village. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis of No Name Woman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This argument would prove that Kingston did not write this chapter in veneration of her aunt, but with the intention to provide insight to her understanding of herself as a Chinese-American woman. Providing proof that Kingston has no intention of venerating her aunt becomes necessary in order to further analyze her true intention behind her stated declaration. The phrase devote pages of paper is evidently used in reference to Kingstons chapter, No Name Woman, in which she states both the story of her aunt and her analysis of it in remembrance of the aunts existence. As well, Kingstons inclusion of the word alone emphasizes that only she has ever committed to her aunts remembrance. Yet to add further meaning to this line, the succeeding and concluding phrase of this sentence states, hough not origamied into houses and clothes. The idea of devoting through origami, an art form of paper folding, is used in Asian cultures as symbolical respect. This phrase therefore rebukes the presumption that Kingston is honoring her unknown aunt through her devotion of writing through understanding the cultural connotation affiliated with her declaration. Whereas Kingston fails to write in honor of her late aunt, Kingston tries to remain impartial of how her aunt arrived to becoming the mother of an illegitimate child. No matter the truth behind the situation, Kingston, like the illagers, understands that her [aunts] infidelity had already harmed the village, that waves of consequences would return unpredictably. Her aunt had broken the roundness of the village, the villagers way of life in which traditional discipline and control enforced the self-supporting village to maintain their balanced dependency. In return, Kingston states that, the villagers punished her [aunt] for acting as if she could have a private life, secret and apart from them. Kingston therefore fully understands that her aunt had attempted to distance herself away from the villagers ay of life possibly on her own will, and through doing so committed an act of treason punishable with severity by those who took offense from her actions. The villagers had punished the aunt because she had taken an unacceptable road that undermined their values Just as Kingstons search for her identity in America questions the Chinese culture imposed upon her. The role that culture plays on Chinese-Americans, when you try to understand what things in you are Chinese, how do you separate what is peculiar to childhood, to poverty, insanities, one family, your mother who marked your growing with stories, from what is Chinese? Through her rhetorical question, Kingston directly states the difficulties to identify and incorporate Chinese culture in American society. She finds herself sacrificing her ancestral culture in order to adapt to American values which remain practical and applicable here in America. In an example which Kingston adapted to that which is desired in American society, she conceded the fact that speaking in an inaudible voice, [she had] tried to turn [herself] American-feminine. Yet the Chinese cultural influence of the past still remained existent within Kingston as it was refreshed from time to time nd expressed in her recollection of the aunts story and the moral conclusions deduced through her mother. Dont humiliate us. You wouldnt like to be forgotten as if you had never been born. The villagers are watchful. Practically through her mothers indoctrination alone, Kingston was shaped throughout her childhood to respect honor, family, and the very Chinese culture itself. Kingstons mother had once told her, you must not tell anyone [about your aunt], and yet in direct defiance, Kingston then devote[s] pages of paper to her [aunt]. Her actions which defy her others strict order are purposely directed through her rebellious intention to do so. Kingston argues that the emigrant generation, which consisted of her mother, had taken their culture with them because those in the emigrant generations who could not reassert brute survival died young and far from home. Yet raising their progeny, they must teach them what they know and understand. Kingston therefore believes that they must try to confuse their offspring as well, who, I suppose, threaten them in similar ways always trying to get things straight, always trying to name the unspeakable. Kingston herself is breaking the roundness that is imbued upon Chinese culture, the balanced dependency that each generation is reliant upon, in order to follow cultural values which remain applicable on American soil. As Kingston alone asserted in her chapter, those of us in the first American generations have had to figure out how the invisible world the emigrants built around our childhoods fits in solid America. More analysis on SparkNotes: http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/womanwarrior/ sectionl . html (Maxine Hong Kingstons short story: No Name Woman in The Woman

Patient privacy, Confidentiality (HIPAA)

Patient privacy, Confidentiality (HIPAA) Violating laws meant to ensure that patients’ information is not disclosed to the wider public is a very serious matter. This is because patients’ health information is very delicate and should be handled with utmost discretion. Ethical values have been formulated to ensure that the patients’ interests are given consideration to avoid harming these patients in one way or another.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Patient privacy, Confidentiality (HIPAA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When patient’s information is disclosed to an unauthorized third party, then the law comes in and legal action is taken against an offender. This paper discusses a recent administrative ethical issue with the aim of applying governing law to the issue. The article titled â€Å"Healthcare Provider to Pay $1.5M HIPAA Fine† (2012) gives a scenario of a potential violation of the Health Insurance Portabilit y and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) rule of security. This potential violation was noted by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) after Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Associates Inc. (MEEI) reported a break in and loss of â€Å"an unencrypted laptop with electronic protected health information (ePHI) of MEEI patients and research subjects†. In other words, MEEI failed to comply with the privacy standards hence, put ePHI at stake (Healthcare Provider to Pay $1.5M HIPAA Fine, 2012). This kind of incidence may gravely impact on MEEI because the patients and research subjects may sue the institution if the information gets to them. This is because, according to the HIPAA security rule, MEEI breached the already laid down ethical and legal issues related to protection of health related information that could be used to harm the involved individuals. The population affected most by this violation of the law is the patients an d the research subjects, whose unencrypted information was contained in the stolen laptop. The intention of the thieves is not known and may have intended to harm one of the clients. In addition, clients would develop a negative attitude towards MEEI and it would run out of patients and research subjects. Information on these individuals is very important in public health practice and research because it is meant to help in identification, monitoring and response to particular morbidities, mortalities and disabilities in given populations (Thacker, 2003). The impact of this incidence on the patients and research subjects would mean that they would not be willing to participate in future researches by the institution due to fear of a recurrence of the same.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The solution of paying a fine of $1.5M came about after the office for Civil Righ ts (OCR) under the department of health and human services gave its stand on the whole issue after evaluating the report submitted by MEEEI about the theft. According to the OCR, MEEI did not comply with the ethical principle that advocates for protection of individuals’ privacy and respect for individuals’ dignity. This is because it failed to store patients’ and research subjects’ information in an encrypted version. The fact that the laptop contained patients’ and research subjects’ information that had not been discretely coded in a manner that could not be understood by unauthorized persons justifies this. Therefore, anyone accessing the stolen laptop was able to view this information thus publicly exposing the clinical details of the concerned individuals. According to the ethical principle on privacy, individual identifiable health information should be protected from unauthorized persons. In the case mentioned in the referred article , this does not seem to be the case since information had been stored in raw form. This shows that the ethical principle of privacy and confidentiality was not observed (U. S. Department of Health Human Services, 2012a). MEEI failed to ensure that security was well maintained in the organization in correspondence to HIPAA security rule. Therefore, there was a breach of this legal law that sets standards to govern the security of ePHI. MEEI failed to meet the requirements that seek to protect the privacy and security of identifiable health information. MEEI had deliberately ignored the essentials of HIPAA security rule because negligence was found to have occurred over a relatively long duration of time. This indicates a disregard for the law, which requires a very punitive action. The management responsibilities are vital in ensuring that the HIPAA privacy and security rule is attained and maintained. The management team at MEEI should have complied with the HIPAA privacy and secur ity rule with regard to certain elements that need to be kept in check. One responsibility is that the management ought to have made a thorough risk analysis of the confidentiality of the information contained in the laptop (a portable device).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Patient privacy, Confidentiality (HIPAA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the HIPAA security law, the administration is meant to conduct risk analysis in the security management process. Risk analysis is related to disaster preparedness and mitigation hence the need to evaluate the possibility of putting ePHI at risk (U. S. Department of Health Human Services, 2012b). The security management process entails various steps and one step may affect subsequent steps. Due to the failure of performing a thorough risk analysis, MEEI was not able to implement effective security measures aimed at protecting its ePHI contained in portable de vices. Therefore, a second management role that streams down from the first role is implementation of effective security measures meant to safeguard created, maintained and transmitted ePHI stored in portable devices. One such measure is to store ePHI in files that are not easily recognizable and which require passwords for them to open. The third management responsibility that was overlooked is developing or delegating someone to develop and implement policies and procedures that restrict access to ePHI. These are meant to ensure that accessibility to ePHI is only permissible to authorized health personnel. One such policy would be to ensure that ePHI is ciphered in a way that is only understood by authorized health professionals, whose main aim is to promote justice and beneficence of the patients and research subjects. The final management responsibility with reference the case in question is the adoption and implementation of policies and procedures that govern security to ensur e timely response. These policies are meant to address any issue related to security through conducting periodic assessments of the security system in reference to the HIPAA security rule. Non-compliance to the privacy and security rule calls for legal action taken to administer and reinforce the standards under this rule. Therefore, violation of the HIPAA privacy and security rule as indicated by the Department of Health and Human Services OCR was resolved through payment of $1.5M by MEEI. In addition, the organization made a commitment to improve its policies and procedures to ensure that the HIPAA privacy and security rule is achieved and well maintained. In the current contemporary world where everything is electronic, information is stored in computers. However, protection of information is very important especially in the case of portable devices since they are likely to be used by various persons. In a health setting, privacy and confidentiality of patients’ informatio n is very important to avoid inflicting harm or injury on them. Therefore, abiding by the HIPAA privacy and security rule is not an option, but a mandatory requirement.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Healthcare Provider to Pay $1.5M HIPAA Fine. (2012, September 20). Campus Safety Magazine. Web. Thacker, S. B. (2003). HIPAA Privacy Rule and Public Health: Guidance from CDC and the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Web. U. S. Department of Health Human Services. (2012a). Summary of the HIPAA Privacy Rule. Web. U. S. Department of Health Human Services. (2012b). Summary of the HIPAA Security Rule. Web.

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics - Assignment Example The design is well thought of, appropriately organized and attractive enough for various viewers who are in the delicate situation of encountering some dilemma on the abovementioned health and ethical issues. The colors used (blue, orange, gray in a white background) is highly professional and apt. The writers and advocates of Planned Parenthood aimed â€Å"to provide comprehensive reproductive and complementary health care services in settings which preserve and protect the essential privacy and rights of each individual† (Planned Parenthood: Mission, 2010, par. 2). In this regard, this medium is effective in terms of stipulating critical information on controversial health issues (abortion, sexual orientation) without necessarily compromising confidentiality concerns. The page provides additional windows for locating a health center by providing one’s zip code or state. Teenagers, who could benefit most from learning through this site, are given opportunities to ask experts or to watch relevant videos on diverse topics. This is the most effective medium for adolescents who are afraid or embarrassed to ask adults on the subject of sex education. It also provided tools for both parents and educators faced with issues on human sexuality and the dilemma of searchin g for ways and means to share critical information to the children. The page design is holistic in its approach for information dissemination and provision for assistance. However, the site is rarely advertised and since the title is Planned Parenthood, adolescents might not tap or access the website without being given enough promotion. In this regard, the writers and advocates of the program can give flyers and brochures to schools and even in shopping malls where teenagers usually gather. It is necessary for both promoters and viewers of the site to be vigilant and concerned in strictly complying with ethical standards to monitor adherence to an ethical